A Study to Assess the effectiveness of Planned Health Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding oral Hygiene Practices among Children (8-10 years) in a Selected School at Rajkot, Gujarat.

 

Ms. Sadhana Bardeskar¹, Sam Prasad², Mr. Francis Luke³, Mr. Jeenath Justin Doss.K⁴

¹II Year M.Sc. Nursing Student, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Rajkot, Gujarat.

²Vice-Principal, Child Health Nursing Department, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Rajkot.

³Assistant Professor, Child Health Nursing Department, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Rajkot.

⁴Principal, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Rajkot, Gujarat.

 

ABSTRACT:

Health is a fundamental human right. It is central to the concept of quality of life.Today’s children are tomorrow’s leader. They form 38%-40% of our world population. One of the major health care concept faced by these promises of future are oral health problems, more commonly dental caries. The higher concentration of health care facilities in urban areas of India prevents the rural population from receiving proper health care facilities in time. This is a major concern of health care services in developing countries including India .Adding to, this illiteracy, poverty and over growing population made it difficult to render better health care services to all. Hence prevention seems to be the only solution in promoting oral health and there by the overall health. A Quantitative research approach with Pre-Experimental One group pre-test, post-test design was adopted for this study. The conceptual frame work for this study was based on J.W. Kenny`s open system model. The study had been conducted in St.Paul school, Rajkot. A total of 50 3^rd and 4^th standard students were selected as sample by using non-probability purposive sampling technique which means, selection of the most readily available students as participants in a study. Data were collected by using demographic variables and structured set of questioner. Collected data was analyzed by the descriptive and inferential methods. Here the Mean, Mean difference, Standard deviation (SD), Calculated and tabulated ‘t’ test value of pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of school going children regarding oral hygiene practices. The mean pre-test knowledge score was 11.07 and the mean post-test knowledge score was 17.37. The mean difference is 9.57. The Standard deviation of pre-test is 2.27 and that of post-test is 2.36. calculated ‘t’ test value (42.04) is greater than tabulated ‘t’ value (2.66) value at 0.001 level of highly significance which was statistically proved, as stated in hypothesis at the level of p<0.001.

 

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Your mouth is the mirror that can reflect the overall health of your body. Health is a fundamental human right. Oral health is a vital component of overall health, which contributes to each individual’s wellbeing and quality of life by positively affecting physical and mental well being, appearance and interpersonal relations.¹

Oral health is an important aspect of health for all children. Oral health is essential to general health and wellbeing throughout the life span and is a marker for overall health status Research and other advances in oral health have led to safe and effective means of maintaining oral health and preventing dental caries, periodontal disease, and gingivitis²

 

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

According to WHO, A child is a human being between the stage of birth and puberty. Worldwide 60-90% of school children and nearly 100% of adults have dental cavities often leading to pain & discomfort. Dental cavities and periodontal diseases are major causes of tooth loss.Over 40% of Indian children are found to be afflicted with dental caries and a large percentage of children reside in rural areas and most of them are in need of dental care³

 

In Gujarat, according to National Oral Health Survey 2008-2012, about 1272 children in the age group of 12 years not having awareness about oral health problems and oral hygiene practice⁴

 

OBJECTIVES:

1.   To assess the pre-test level of knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices among children (8-10 years).

2.   To assess the effectiveness of Planned Health Teaching Programme on level of knowledge regarding Oral hygiene practices among children(8-10 years).

3.   To associate the selected demographic variables with the pre-test level of knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices among children.

 

METHODS AND MATERIAL:

Research design:

The research design is Pre-Experimental research design.

 

Setting of the study:

The study was conducted in St. Paul School, Rajkot

 

Population:

Target population: school going children between age group of 8-10 years.

 

Accessible population: Children (8-10 years) of selected school.

 

Sample:

A total of 50 samples were selected for the present study.

 

Sampling technique:

Non probability purposive sampling technique was used.

 

 

Data analysis:

Collected data analyzed by the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

 

FINDINGS:

·       The data shows that out of 50 subjects 19 (38%) were in the age group of 8-9 years, 31(62%) were in the age group of 9-10 years.

·       As regard to gender 24(48%) was male and 26(52%) were female students. As regard to grade 19 (38%) were 3^rd standard and 31(62%).

·       As regard to dietary habits 21(42%) were having habit of eating ova-vegetarian food, 23(46%), were vegetarian and 6(12%) were non vegetarians.

·Regard to education 13 (26%) were Illiterate and 37 (74%) of sample were Literate.

·As regard to sources of information, most of the children were getting information through mass media 36(72%), 7 (14%) were getting through parents, 7 (14%) were through friends.

·As regard to use of cleansing agent for teeth most of them 41(82%) were using brush and tooth paste, only 4(8%) were using powder and remaining 5(10%) were using Ayurvedic products.

·       With regard to pre-test 10(20%) sample had good knowledge, 40 (80%) poor knowledge. After the planned teaching programme on oral hygiene practices no sample had poor knowledge, 18(36 %) good knowledge and 32 (64%) had excellent knowledge

·       With regard to the effectiveness of planned health teaching programme the Mean, Mean difference, Standard deviation (SD), Calculated and tabulated ‘t’ test value of pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of school going children regarding oral hygiene practices. The mean pre-test knowledge score was 11.07 and the mean post-test knowledge score was 17.37. The mean difference is 8.88. The Standard deviation of pre-test is 2.27 and that of post-test is 2.36. calculated ‘t’ test value ( 42.04) is greater than tabulated ‘t’ value ( 2.66 ) value at 0.001 level of highly significance which was statistically proved, as stated in hypothesis at the level of p<0.001.

·       With regard to association with knowledge with their selected demographic variables Age, Gender, grade, dietary habits, education of parent, occupation and cleansing agent used for teeth cleaning, had the significant association with the knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices among school going children. The study shows that the calculated Chi-square value is more than the tabulated value at the level of 0.05 for the demographic variables such as gender and education of the parent. For the other demographic variables such as Age, Grade, dietary habits, occupation and cleansing agent used for teeth cleaning the Chi square value is less than the tabulated value at the level of 0.05.

·       Thus stated hypothesis H2 is accepted which shows there is significant association between, the level of knowledge with the selected demographic variables was accepted which indicate that the selected demographic variables has impact over level of knowledge.

 

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion from the study is there is effectiveness of planned health teaching programme is effective to gain the knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices for school going children.

 

REFERENCES:

1.        David J, Astrom A N, Wang N J, “ Prevalence and correlates of self-reported state of teeth among school children in Kerala, India”. Biomedical central oral health 2006 July;3;6:10

2.        Dongre AR, Deshmukh PR, Garg BS. “The impact of school health education programme on personal hygiene and related morbidities in school children of Panipat district” Indian J Comm. Med. 2006; 31(1):81-82.

3.        Dwivedi S, Mittal M, Vashisth P, Jaiswal D, Arora S “ Oral Hygiene Pattern observed in Primary School Children as Reported by Their Mother A Longitudinal Stud”World Journal of Dentistry. 2012; 3: 308-312.

4.        El-Qaderi SS Taani DQ “Oral health knowledge and dental practices among school children in Jerash district/Jordan” Int J Dent Hyg. 2007 May; 2(2): Page 78-85.

 

 

 

Received on 08.09.2017          Modified on 18.11.2017

Accepted on 10.01.2018 ©A&V Publications All right reserved